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Nevertheless, professional specialization, that divides society to professional rulers, working in state institutes and economic sphere, and to their subordinates, is inevitable with the reached level of personal culture of mental activity of the majority of adults, because to become socially comprehensible ruler it is necessary to possess certain psychical qualities and to be a carrier of knowledge in the subject domain which ruler is to rule.
According to that circumstance questions appear:
How does the professional corporation of rulers attitude towards their subordinates – other people in society?
On what basis do subordinates recognize the power of corporation of rulers?
Whom and how does the professional corporation of administrators exclude from its ranks and whom and how does it recruit (and concerning the self-reproduction in change of generations as well)?
The history shows that historically stable societies in selection of rulers capable in relation to interests of society, or appearing to be incapacitated or abusing of power follow the principle “practice is a criterion of true” while reproducing the power in change of generations.
If the society doesn't follow this principle, then it perishes under influence of external factors, according to inadequacy of processes of ruling proceeding in it.
Actually, this is the reason of crash of Byzantium and the following assimilation of former “East Romans”, who generated incapacitated crowd-“elitist” statehood, in other cultural-ethnic societies.
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However, the process of selection of rulers well-grounded in interests of society and incapacitated ones according to the principle “practice – criterion of true” proceeds in different ways in compactly living primitive community and in “a big society”, which life is based on idea of generation of statehood and territorial differentiation of powers of authorities[12].
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The fundamental difference is that in a compactly living community “everyone knows everyone” so that judgments of people about the one who can be entrusted ruler and the one who can't has a deliberated character, directly based on experience of common activity.
As it can be seen from Edward B. Taylor's[13] book “Primitive culture” many primitive societies were so worried about forming the administrative body, that they searched for the most effective future rulers even among children, and in their culture there were subcultures (traditions, rituals), focused on revealing children, whose talents can be realized in sphere of ruling for the good of the whole society.
However, the ethics was the same for all members of community: both for those who became ruler and for those who became subordinates. Thus, both powerful chief (warrior or economic executive administrator) and common community member could be an authority in community in the sense that he was respected for his deeds (instead of present meaning of the word authority).
In these conditions everyone made his authority himself; and in his authority measure of understanding of his deeds importance for the community by associates was expressed; the same measure of understanding of former deeds also opened credit of trust for the future.
Thus in a compactly living community, in which everyone knew everyone, speed of information exchange processes, in which principle “practice is a criterion of true” was realized, was high enough to support an adequacy of administrative body to circumstances of community's life during change of generations.
And an authority of people in such community was based on principle “practice is a criterion of true”, to which somehow everyone followed: both carriers of authority and others who recognized their authority.
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In a big society not everyone knows everyone. This, first of all, slows information exchange processes, in which the principle “practice is a criterion of true” is realized in relation to process of formation and reproduction of administrative body.
Thereof the maintenance of administrative body’s adequacy to problems of social development becomes a problem if the administrative corps stands apart from other society on principles of corporate egoism and corporate ethics expressing this egoism, different from that ethics which dominating corporation offers to other society.
In such conditions as a rule it is impossible to base the authority of dominating corporation as a whole and its certain representatives on society’s free recognition of advantage of their activity on the basis of principle “practice is a criterion of true”.
Thereof in a crowd-“elitist” society the power has to create an authority artificially by means of:
purposefully forming personal culture of mental activity, that generates in the dependent society perverting worldview and world-understanding. Representatives of ideological sphere (formerly dogma-teachers sold themselves to “powerful ones of this world”) and educational system work on this;
PR-technologies – a system of presenting information to other society so, that regardless of power’s activity nature and its results, dependent society has a positive opinion about that power[14].
The first is a basis for the second, since the second indeed appears to be a concealment of truth, distribution of fragrant lie, inflating of significance of some events to distraction and turning values of really significant events down to a level of negligible. All its achieves its purposes only in the case, when in society it is spread widely enough such personal culture of mental activity, that generates inadequate worldview and world-understanding, on the basis of which: lie is undistinguishable from truth; socially useful thing appears harmful or basically non-practicable; insignificant seems to be great, great – insignificant, etc.
I.e. in big society, if it is crowd-“elitist”, authority of the individual is not necessary caused by his personal qualities, potential, deeds and adequacy of world-understanding of those for whom he became the authority. This circumstance is a consequence of apostasy from principle “practice is a criterion of true” during the process of reproducing the professional ruling body.
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Presently, development of technique, means of communication, the main of which became TV and the Internet, creates an illusion of “a global village”, in which it is possible if not “to touch” everything, but to see at least. However, in this global virtual village it doesn’t met the main condition that provided the efficiency of principle “practice is a criterion of truth” in primitive community at reproduction of professional ruling body: in such global village there is no joint activity with direct dialogue of almost all members of global “community”.
Such virtual globalization is the basis for mass-media to mould “images of authorities” to order. And moreover, development of computer graphics will allow in the nearest future to put fictional characters of “cartoons” in a rank of authorities for crowd: notorious “Masyanya” (flash-cartoon hero, very popular in Russian Internet several years ago – ) according to low level of anthropomorphism, certainly doesn't pull on this status, but technical progress, development of interactive TV and the Internet, together with presence of “social order”, are able to generate not so comic virtual dolls, which will be capable to represent the so-called “real politics” for crowd. In other words, “Masyanya Glebovna Pavlovskaya” – may become a virtual reality, because a crowd is capable to accept even this authority as real leader and inspirer (Gleb Pavlovskiy is one of the most famous PR-specialist in Russia. He is the author of TV-program “Real Politics”).