The rituals performed to assure the safe birth of Tamako’s child involved Buddhist and Shinto rites and clerics, as well as the popular customs associated with keeping evil spirits at bay. For a more complete description of such parturition rites, see The Diary of Murasaki Shikibu, where Lady Murasaki describes in detail the activities accompanying and following the birth of an imperial child. Many of these had to do with the fact that childbirth was considered one of several forms of pollution (death was another) and the belief that a woman in labor was a favorite prey of all sorts of evil spirits.