jahl, meaning 'barbarism', 30

Jahm b. Safwan, 222

-Jahshiyari (Abu ‘Abdallah Muhammad b. ‘Abdus), 458

Jalalu ’l-Din Khwarizmshah, 444

Jalalu ’l-Din al-Mahalli, 455

Jalalu ’l-Din Rumi, Persian poet, 298, 393, 404

Jallaban, 293

-Jamhara fi ’l-Lugha, 343

Jamharatu Ash‘ari ’l-‘Arab, 130

-Jami (‘Abdu ’l-Rahman), Persian poet, 229, 284, 386, 433

-Jami‘, by -Tirmidhi, 337

-Jami‘a, 371

Jamil, 238

Jandal, 245

Janissaries, the, 413

-Jannabi, 375

-Jaradatan (name of two singing girls), 2

Jarir (poet), 205, 238, 239, 240, 242, 244-246

Jassas b. Murra, 56, 57

-Jawf, 9

Jawhar, 429

-Jawlan, 54

Jerusalem, 169, 177, 233, 275, 340, 355, 357

Jesus, 215, 216

Jews, the, 341. See Judaism

-Jibal (province), 292, 356, 445

Jibril (Gabriel), 150

jihad, 430

Jinn, the, 72, 112, 119, 152, 165

jinni(genie), 165

Jirjis -Makin (historian), 355

John of Damascus, 221

John of Ephesus, 52

Johnson, Dr., 286, 313

Joktan, xviii

Jones, E. R., 433

Jones, Sir William, 102, 452

Jong, P. de, 366

Jordan, the, 446

-Jubba’i, 377, 378

Judaism, established in -Yemen, 23, 137; zealously fostered by Dhu Nuwas, 26; in Arabia, 137-140, 149, 158, 170-172, 173, 176, 177; in Spain, 415, 428, 429; in Sicily, 441

Judaism, influence of, on Muhammadan thought, 176, 177, 215, 216

-ju‘iyya(the Fasters), 232

Juliana of Norwich, 233

Junayd of Baghdad, 228, 230, 392, 465

Junde-shapur, 358

Jurhum (tribe), xviii, 63, 117

Jurjan, 339

Jurji Zaydan, 435

Justinian, 43, 51, 104, 358

Justinus (Byzantine Emperor), 27, 52

-Juwayni (Abu ’l-Ma‘ali), 339, 379

Juynboll, 257, 262, 268, 350, 369

K

Ka‘b (tribe), 246

Ka‘b b. Zuhayr (poet), 119, 127, 327

-Ka‘ba, 63, 64, 65, 67, 101, 117, 154, 155, 157, 164, 169, 177, 198, 319, 400, 403, 467

Ka‘bu ’l-Ahbar, 185

-Kadhdhab (title of Musaylima), 183

Kafur (Ikhshidite), 306, 307

Kahlan, 14

-Kalabadhi, 338

-kalam(Scholasticism), 363, 378

Kalb (tribe), 199, 405

kalb, 445

Kalila and Dimna, the Book of, 346, 363

-Kamala (title), 88

-kamil(metre), 75

-Kamilof Ibnu ’l-Athir, 355, 379, 429. See Ibnu ’l-Athir

-Kamilof -Mubarrad, 92, 131, 202, 226, 227, 237, 244, 343

kanwakan(a species of verse), 450

Karbala, 196, 198, 208, 216, 218, 243, 466

Kariba’il Watar, 10

-Karkh, a quarter of Baghdad, 267, 385

kasb, 379

Kashfu ’l-Zunun, 456

-Kashshaf, 145

katib(secretary), 257, 326

Kawadh (Sasanian), 42

Kerbogha, 446

Khadija, 148, 150, 151, 152, 153, 157

-khafif(metre), 75

Khalaf, 421

Khalaf al-Ahmar, 97, 134, 293, 344

Khalid b. -Mudallil, 43

Khalid b. -Walid, 184

Khalid b. Yazid, 358

khalifa(Caliph), xxvii, 175

-Khalil b. Ahmad, 75, 285, 343

Khamir (village), 19

-Khamriyya, by Ibnu ’l-Farid, 396

khamriyyat, 294

khanaqah(monastery), 229

-Khansa (poetess), 126, 127

Kharidatu ’l-Qasr, 348

khariji(Kharijite), 209

Kharijites, the, 193, 207, 208-213, 221, 222, 239, 248, 259, 428

Kharmaythan, 360

-Khasib, 373

khatib, 271

-Khatib, of Baghdad, 355

-Khatim b.‘Adi, 94, 96

-Khawarij. See Kharijites, the

-Khawarnaq (castle), 40, 41

-Khaybar, 50

-Khayf, 237

Khazaza, battle of, 5

-Khazraj (tribe), 170

Khedivial dynasty, the, 468

Khidash b. Zuhayr, 95, 96

Khindif, xix

-Khitat, by -Maqrizi, 453

Khiva, 361, 444

Khizanatu ’l-Adab, 131

Khuda Bukhsh, S., 279

Khuday-nama, 348

Khulafa al-Rashidun, xxvii. See Caliphs, the Orthodox

Khurasan, xxviii, 129, 132, 220, 221, 232, 233, 239, 249, 250, 251, 254, 256, 258, 263, 265, 266, 275, 303, 339, 341, 379, 390, 391, 419, 444

Khurasan, dialect of, 339

khuruj(secession), 209

Khusraw Parwez. See Parwez

khutba, 263, 328

Khuza‘a (tribe), 63, 64, 65

Khuzayma (tribe), xix

Khuzistan, 266, 274, 293, 358

Khwarizm, 357, 361, 444

-Khwarizmi (Abu ‘Abdallah), 361

-kibrit al-ahmar, 399

Kilab (tribe), 246

Kilab b. Murra, 64

-kimiya(the Philosophers' Stone), 401

Kimiya’u ’l-Sa‘adat, 340

-kimiya’un(the Alchemists), 364

Kinana (tribe), xix, 64

Kinda (tribe), xviii, 42, 43, 69, 85, 103, 104, 360

-Kïndi, 288, 360

-Kisa’i (philologist), 261, 343

Kisra (title), 45

Kitabu ’l-Aghani(the Book of Songs), 19, 26, 31, 32, 37, 43, 44, 46, 47, 53, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 94, 102, 104, 109, 110, 123, 124, 131, 134, 138, 139, 150, 200, 205, 216, 236, 237, 239, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 270, 279, 291, 292, 297, 345, 347, 374, 419

Kitabu ’l-Ahkam al-Sultaniyya, 338

Kitabu ’l-Akhbar al-Tiwal, 349

Kitabu ’l-Amali, 131

Kitabu Ansabi ’l-Ashraf, 349

-Kitab al-Awsat, 353

Kitabu ’l-‘Ayn, 343

Kitabu ’l-Badi‘, 325

Kitabu ’l-Bayan wa-’l-Tabyin, 347

Kitabu ’l-Falahat al-Nabatiyya, xxv Kitabu Futuhi ’l-Buldan, 349

Kitabu ’l-Hayawan, 346, 375

Kitabu ’l-‘Ibar, by Dhahabi, 339

Kitabu ’l-‘Ibar, by Ibn Khaldun, 437

Kitabu, ’l-Ibil, 345

Kitabu ’l-Ishtiqaq, 343

Kitabu ’l-Kamil fi ’l-Ta’rikh, 355. See -Kamil of Ibnu ’l-Athir

Kitabu Khalq al-Insan, 345

Kitabu ’l-Khayl, 345

Kitabu ’l-Luma‘, 393

Kitabu ’l-Ma‘arif, xviii, 202, 223, 224, 345, 346

Kitabu ’l-Maghazi, by Musa b. ‘Uqba, 247

Kitabu ’l-Maghazi, by -Waqidi, 144

-Kitab al-Mansuri, 265

Kitabu ’l-Masalik wa-’l-Mamalik, 356

Kitabu ’l-Milal wa-’l-Nihal, by Ibn Hazm, 341, 427, 428

Kitabu ’l-Milal wa-’l-Nihal, by -Shahrastani, 341. See -Shahrastani

Kitabu ’l-Muluk wa-akhbar al-Madin, 13

Kitabu ’l-Shi‘r wa-’l-Shu‘ara, 75, 78, 105, 117, 257, 293, 346

Kitabu ’l-Ta‘arruf li-Madhhabi ahli ’l-Tasawwuf, 338

Kitabu ’l-Tabaqat al-Kabir, 144

Kitabu ’l-Tanbih wa-’l-Ishraf, 353, 354

-Kitab al-Yamini, 355

Kitabu ’l-Zuhd, 247

Koran, the, xvii, xx, xxii-xxv, xxvi, xxvii, 1, 2, 3, 15, 17, 18, 27, 68, 74, 91, 102, 119, 132, 134, 141-143, 144-152, 154-156, 158, 159-168, 169, 172, 174, 175, 176, 178, 179, 183, 184, 185, 187, 192, 201, 203, 207-212, 215, 221, 223, 225, 231, 234, 235, 237, 247, 249, 273, 277, 278, 279, 282, 284, 287, 294, 318, 327, 329, 330, 342, 343, 344, 363, 365, 368, 369, 375, 378, 379, 397, 398, 403, 408, 417, 433, 449, 454, 455, 460, 461, 462, 463, 467

Koran, the, derivation of, 159; collection of, 142; historical value of, 143; arrangement of, 143, 161; style of, 159, 318, 368; not poetical as a whole, 160; held by Moslems to be the literal Word of God, 159, 235; heavenly archetype of, 151, 163, 368; revelation of, 150-152, 159; designed for oral recitation, 161; commentaries on, 144, 145, 351, 455; imitations of, 318, 368, 375; dispute as to whether it was created or not, 262, 368, 369

Koran-readers ( -qurra), the, 209, 210, 277