Mecca, Pre-islamic history of, 62; attacked by the Abyssinians, 66-69; submits to the Prophet, 64, 175

Mecca, the dialect of, xxiii

Meccan Revelations, the, 464. See Futuhat al-Makkiyya

Meccan Surasof the Koran, the, 160-168

Media, 356

Medina (-Madina), xxvi, xxvii, 3, 21, 22, 49, 50, 52, 62, 71, 84, 150, 157, 158, 169, 170, 171, 173, 175, 176, 177, 181, 185, 186, 188, 198, 208, 209, 236, 241, 243, 337, 339, 365, 466, 468

Medina, Surasof the Koran revealed at, 175, 176

Mediterranean Sea, the, 5, 255, 275, 404, 412, 444

Merv, 252, 346

Merx, A., 384, 389

Mesopotamia, 35, 186, 238, 240, 269, 355, 358, 385, 388, 411, 446

Messiah, Moslem beliefs regarding the, 215-217, 248, 249. See Mahdi, the

Metempsychosis, the doctrine of, 267

Metres, the Arabian, 74, 75

Mevlevi dervish order, the, 393

mihna, 368

-Mihras, 124

Mihrgan, Persian festival, 250

Milton, 212

Mina, 119

Minæan language, the, xxi

Minæans, the, 7

minbar(pulpit), 199

Minqar, 57

Miqlab (castle), 24

Miracles demanded by the Quraysh from Muhammad, 165; falsely attributed to Muhammad, 166

-Mi‘raj(the Ascension of the Prophet), 169, 403

Mir’atu ’l-Zaman, 355

Mishkatu ’l-Masabih, 337

Misr(Old Cairo), 394

misra‘(hemistich), 74

-Mishar, 455. See -Muzhir

Moguls, the Great, xxix, 444

Moliere, 469

Monasticism, alien to Islam, 225

Mongol Invasion, the, xxiv, xxix, xxx, 272, 277, 326, 443, 444-446

Mongols, the, 254, 264, 275, 442, 443, 462. See Mongol Invasion, the

Monte Cristo, 469

Montrose, 191

Mordtmann, 9

Morocco, 264, 341, 423, 424, 430, 431, 442

Moses, 165, 172, 185, 215, 273, 397

Moslem, meaning of, 153

Moslems, the first, 153

Moslems, the non-Arabian. See -Mawali

Mosul (-Mawsil), 261, 269, 281, 326, 355, 362, 399, 445, 454

-Mu‘allaqat, 77, 82, 101-121, 128, 131, 416, 459

Mu‘awiya b. Abi Sufyan (Caliph), xxviii, 13, 119, 181, 191, 192, 193, 194-195, 196, 206, 207, 208, 213, 214, 222, 256, 377, 407, 426

Mu‘awiya b. Bakr (Amalekite prince), 2

Mu‘awiya, brother of -Khansa, 126

Mu’ayyidu ’l-Dawla (Buwayhid), 267

-Mubarrad (philologist), 92, 131, 202, 226, 237, 244, 343, 344

Mudar b. Nizar, xix, 252

Mudar, the tribes descended from, xix

-Mudhhabat, -Mudhahhabat, 101

-Mutaddal al-Dabbi (philologist), 128, 133, 343

Mufaddal b. Salama, 31

-Mufaddaliyyat, 90, 128, 343

-Mughammas, 69

muhajat(scolding-match), 238

-Muhajirun (the Emigrants), 171, 209

Muhalhil b. Rabi‘a, 58, 76, 109, 110

-Muhallab b. Abi Sufra, 239

-Muhallabi, the Vizier, 267, 347

Muhammad, the Prophet, xxiii, xxvi-xxviii, 3, 10, 15, 18, 27, 30, 51, 62, 64, 65, 66, 69, 70, 71, 74, 86, 87, 105, 124, 132, 134, 135, 137, 139, 141-180, 181-183, 186-188, 190-193, 201, 202, 207-209, 213-218, 223, 224, 229, 231, 233, 235, 237, 249, 250, 251, 257, 258, 267, 273, 274, 277, 278, 279, 280, 318, 327, 330, 341, 342, 348, 349, 355, 356, 380, 383, 392, 400, 403, 420, 428, 433, 449, 455, 462, 463, 465, 467

Muhammad, question whether he could read and write, 151; his attitude towards the heathen poets, 159, 212, 235; his aim in the Meccan Suras, 160; his death, 175; his character, 179, 180; biographies of, 144, 146, 247, 349; poems in honour of, 124, 127, 326, 327, 449; mediæval legend of, 327; identified with the Logos, 403; pilgrimage to the tomb of, 463; his tomb demolished by the Wahhabis, 467

Muhammad (‘Alid), 258

Muhammad (Seljuq), 326

Muhammad b. ‘Abd al-Wahhab, 465-467

Muhammad b. ‘Ali (‘Abbasid), 251

Muhammad ‘Ali Pasha, 466, 468

Muhammad b. ‘Ali b. -Sanusi, 468

Muhammad Ibnu ’l-Hanafiyya, 216, 218, 220

Muhammad b. -Hasan, the Imam, 217

Muhammad b. Isma‘il, the Imam, 217, 272-274

Muhammad al-Kalbi, 348

Muhammad b. Sa‘ud, 466

-Muhtadi, the Caliph, 264

Muhyi ’l-Din Ibnu ’l-‘Arabi, 399-404, 434, 462

Muhyi ’l-Maw’udat (title), 243

Muir, Sir W., 142, 143, 146, 156, 184, 197, 338

-Mu‘izz (Fatimid Caliph), 420

Mu‘izzu ’l-Dawla (Buwayhid), 266, 267, 347

-Mujammi‘ (title), 65

Mu‘jamu ’l-Buldan, 17, 357

Mu‘jamu ’l-Udaba, 357

Mukarrib (title), 10

-Mukhadramun (a class of poets), 127

-Mukhtar, 198, 218-220, 250

-Mukhtarat, 128

-Muktafi, the Caliph, 257, 269, 325

-Mulaththamun, 423

Müller, A., 5, 101, 261, 266, 355, 429

Muuml;ller, D. H., 9, 10, 12, 13, 17, 18, 24

Multan, 203

Muluku ’l-Tawa’if (the Party Kings of Spain), 414

-Munafiqun (the Hypocrites), 171, 172, 176

-Munakhkhal (poet), 49

-Mundhir I (Lakhmite), 41

-Mundhir III (Lakhmite), 41-44, 45, 50, 51, 60, 87, 103, 104

-Mundhir IV (Lakhmite), 45, 47

-Mundhir b. -Harith (Ghassanid), 50, 52

-Mundhir b. Ma’ al-sama, 50, 51. See -Mundhir III

-Munjibat (title), 88

Munk, S., 360

-Munqidh mina ’l-Dalal, 340, 380

munshi, 326

-Muqaddasi (geographer), 356, 357, 409

-Muqaddima, of Ibn Khaldun, 32, 229, 278, 289, 437-440. See Ibn Khaldun

-Muqanna‘, 258

-Muqattam, Mt., 394, 396

-Muqtabis, 428

-Muqtadir, the Caliph, 325, 343, 399

-murabit, 430

-Murabitun, 433. See Almoravides, the

murid, 392

murji’(Murjite), 221

Murjites, the, 206, 220, 221-222, 428

Murra, 56, 57, 58

Mursiya (Murcia), 399

Muruju ’l-Dhahab, 13, 15, 37, 195, 203, 205, 206, 259, 260, 267, 349, 353, 354, 387, 457

muruwwa(virtue), 72, 82, 178, 287

Musa b. Maymun (Maimonides), 434

Musa b. Nusayr, 203, 204, 405

Musa b. ‘Uqba, 247

Mus‘ab, 199

Musaylima, 183

-Mushtarik, 357

Music in Pre-Isiamic Arabia, 236

Musicians, Arab, 236

-musiqi(Music), 283

Muslim (Moslem), meaning of, 153

Muslim (author of -Sahih), 144, 337

Muslim b. ‘Aqil, 196

Muslim b. -Walid (poet), 261

musnad(inscriptions), 6

-Mustakfi (Spanish Umayyad), 424

-Mustakfi, ‘Abbasid Caliph, 266

-Mustansir (‘Abbasid), 448

-Mustarshid Billah, the Caliph, 329

-Musta‘sim, the Caliph, 254, 445

-Mustawrid b. ‘Ullifa, 210

-mut‘a, 262

-Mu‘tadid (‘Abbadid), 421, 425

-Mu‘tadid (‘Abbasid Caliph), 325

-Mu‘tamid (‘Abbadid), 421-424

-Mutajarrida, 49, 122

-Mutalammis (poet), 107, 108, 138

Mutammim b. Nuwayra, 127

-Mutanabbi (poet), 266, 269, 270, 289, 290, 291, 292, 304-313, 315, 316, 324, 396, 416, 448

mutasawwifa(aspirants to Sufiism), 229

-Mu‘tasim, the Caliph, 129, 257, 263, 369, 375

-Mutawakkil, the Caliph, 257, 264, 284, 344, 350, 369, 375, 376, 388

mutawakkil, 233

Mu‘tazilites, the, 206, 220, 222-224, 225, 230, 262, 268, 284, 346, 367-370, 376, 377, 378, 392, 409, 428, 431

-Mu‘tazz, the Caliph, 325

-Muti‘, the Caliph, 353

Muti‘ b. Iyas (poet), 291, 292

muwahhid, 432

-Muwalladun, 278, 408

muwashshah, verse-form, 416, 417, 449

-Muwatta’, 337, 408, 409

Muzaffar Qutuz (Mameluke), 446

Muzayna (tribe), 116

-Muzayqiya (surname), 15

-Muzhir, 71, 455

Mystical poetry of the Arabs, the, 325, 396-398, 403

Mysticism. See Sufiism