N

-Nabat, the Nabatæans, xxv, 279

Nabatæan, Moslem use of the term, xxv

Nabatæan Agriculture, the Book of, xxv

Nabatæan inscriptions, xxv, 3

-Nabigha al-Dhubyam (poet), 39, 49, 50, 54, 86, 101, 121-123, 128, 139

nadhir(warner), 164

Nadir (tribe), 170

-Nadr b. -Harith, 330

Nafahatu ’l'Uns, by Jami, 386

Nafhu ’l-Tib, by -Maqqari, 399, 413, 436

Nafi‘ b. -Azraq, 208

-Nafs al-zakiyya (title), 258

-Nahhas (philologist), 102

-Nahrawan, battle of, 208

-nahw(grammar), 283

Na’ila, 35

-Najaf, 40

-Najashi (the Negus), 26, 27, 28

Najd, xvii, 62, 107, 466

Najda b. ‘Amir, 209

Najdites (a Kharijite sect), the, 208

Najran, 26, 27, 105, 124, 136, 137, 162

Na‘man, 11

Namir (tribe), xix Napoleon, 468

-Naqa’id, of -Akhtal and Jarir, 240

-Naqa’id, of Jarir and -Farazdaq, 239

Naqb al-Hajar, 8

-Nasafi (Abu ’l-Barakat), 456

-Nasa’i, 337

Nashwan b. Sa‘id al-Himyari, 12, 13

nasib(erotic prelude), 77, 310

Nasim, a place near Baghdad, 461

-Nasimi (the Hurufi poet), 460, 461

Nasir-i Khusraw, Persian poet, 323

Nasiru ’l-Dawla (Hamdanid), 269, 411

Nasr b. Sayyar, 251

Nasr II (Samanid), 265

Nasrid dynasty of Granada, the, 435, 442

nat‘, 257

-Nawaji (Muhammad b. -Hasan), 417

Nawar, wife of -Farazdaq, 243, 244

Nawar, the beloved of Labid, 121

Nawruz, Persian festival, 250

Naysabur, 232, 276, 338, 339, 340, 348

Nazmu ’l-Suluk, 396

-Nazzam, 369

Neo-platonism, 360, 384, 389, 390

Neo-platonist philosophers welcomed by Nushirwan, 358

Nero, 325

Nessus, 104

Nicephorus, 261

Niebuhr, Carsten, 7

Night journey of Muhammad, the, 169, 403

Night of Power, the, 150

Nihayatu ’l-Aráb, 455

Nile, the, xxviii, 264, 354, 455

Nirvana, 233, 391

-Nizamiyya College, at Baghdad, 276, 340, 380, 431

-Nizamiyya College, at Naysabur, 276, 340

Nizamu ’l-Mulk, 276, 340, 379

Nizar, xix

Noah, xv, xviii, 165

Nöldeke, Th., xv, xx, xxiii, xxv, 5, 27, 29, 38, 42, 44, 45, 48, 49, 51, 52, 54, 55, 57-60, 66, 70, 78, 80, 83, 101, 102, 103, 109, 113, 122, 123, 126, 127, 130, 134, 145, 151, 160, 167, 172, 184, 195, 228, 237, 238, 249, 252, 258, 288

Nomadic life, characteristics of, 439, 440

Nominalists, 367

Normans, the, 441

Nubia, 387

Nuh I (Samanid), 265

Nuh II (Samanid), 265

-Nujum al-Záhira, 257, 262, 268, 369, 454

-Nu‘man I (Lakhmite), 40, 41, 139

-Nu‘man III (Lakhmite), 45-49, 50, 53, 54, 69, 86, 121, 122

-Nu‘man al-Akbar. See Nu‘man I

-Nu‘man al-A‘war (Lakhmite). See -Nu‘man I

-Nu‘man b. -Mundhir Abu Qabus. See -Nu‘man III

Numayr (tribe), 245, 246

-Nuri (Abu ’l-Husayn), 392

Nushirwan (Sasanian king), 29, 42, 45, 358

-Nuwayri, 15, 455

Nyberg, H. S., 404

O

Occam, 367

Ockley, Simon, 433

Ode, the Arabian, 76-78. See qasida

Odenathus, 33, 35

Odyssey, the, xxii

O'Leary, De Lacy, 360

Ordeal of fire, the, 23

Orthodox Caliphs, the, xxiii, xxvii, 181-193

Orthodox Reaction, the, 284, 376. See -Ash‘ari

Osiander, 9

Ottoman Turks, the, xxix, 442, 447, 464-467

Oxus, the, xxviii, 341, 444

P

Pahlavi (Pehlevi) language, the, 214, 330, 346, 348, 358

Palermo, 441

Palestine, 52, 104, 137, 229

Palmer, E. H., 172, 176, 260

Palms, the Feast of, 54

Palm-tree, verses on the, by ‘Abd al-Rahman I, 418

Palm-trees of Hulwan, the two, 292

Palmyra, 33, 53

Panegyric, two-sided (rhetorical figure), 311

Panjab (Punjaub), the, 203, 268

Pantheism, 231, 233, 234, 275, 372, 390, 391, 394, 402, 403, 460

Paracelsus, 388

Paradise, the Muhammadan, burlesqued by Abu’l -‘Ala al-Ma‘arri, 318, 319

Parthian kings, the, 457

Parwez, son of Hurmuz (Sasanian), 48, 69

Passion Play, the, 218

Paul and Virginia, 469

Pavet de Courteille, 349

Pearl-fishing in the Persian Gulf, 354

Pedro of Castile, 437

Penitents, the (a name given to certain Shi‘ite insurgents), 218

Pentateuch, the, 165, 171, 323

Perfect Man, doctrine of the, 402

Persecution of the early Moslems, 154, 155, 157; of heretics, 224, 368, 369, 372-375, 376, 436, 460, 461

Persepolis, 356

Persia, xxiv, xxvii, xxix, 21, 29, 33, 34, 38, 41, 42, 48, 113, 169, 182, 184, 185, 188, 208, 214, 247, 255, 258, 265, 266, 274, 279, 328, 348, 349, 390, 394, 404, 444, 446, 454, 457

Persia, the Moslem conquest of, 184

Persia, the national legend of, 349

Persian divines, influence of the, 278

Persian Gulf, the, 4, 107, 354, 357

Persian influence on Arabic civilisation and literature, xxviii, xxix, 182, 250, 256, 265, 267, 276-281, 287, 288, 290, 295, 418

Persian influence on the Shi‘a, 214, 219

Persian Kings, History of the, translated by Ibnu ’l-Muqaffa‘, 348

Persian literature, fostered by the Samanids and Buwayhids, 265, 303

Persian Moslems who wrote in Arabic, xxx, xxxi, 276-278

Persians, the, rapidly became Arabicised, 280, 281

Persians, the, in -Yemen, 29

Petra, xxv, 5

Petrarch, 425

Pharaoh, 162, 403

Pharaohs, the, 4, 5

Philip III, 441

Philistines, the, 3

Philologists, the Arab, xxiv, 32, 127, 128, 133, 246, 341-348Philosophers, the Greeks 341, 363

Philosophers, the Moslem, 360, 361, 381, 382, 432-434

Philosophers and scientists, Lives of the, by Ibnu ’l-Qifti, 355

Philosophus Autodidactus, 433

Phœnician language, the, xvi

Phœnicians, the, xv

Physicians, History of the, by Ibn Abi Usaybi‘a, 266, 355

Piers the Plowman, 450

Pietists, the, 207, 208

Pilgrimage to Mecca, the, 63, 65, 135, 136, 319

Pilgrimage, of the Shi‘ites, to the tomb of -Husayn at Karbala, 218, 466

pir(Persian word), 392

Plato, 204

Plutarch, 363

Pocock, E., 433

Poems of the Hudhaylites, the, 128

Poems, the Pre-islamic, xxii, xxiii, 30, 31, 71-140, 282, 285-289, 290; chief collections of, 127-131; the tradition of, 131-134; first put into writing, 132

Poems, the Suspended.See -Mu‘allaqat

Poetics, work on, by Ibnu ’l-Mu‘tazz, 325

Poetry, Arabian, the origins of, 72-75; the decline of, not due to Muhammad, 235; in the Umayyad period, 235-246; in the ‘Abbasid period, 285-336; in Spain, 415-417, 425, 426; after the Mongol Invasion, 448-450

Poetry, conventions of the Ancient, criticised, 286, 288, 315

Poetry, Muhammadan views regarding the merits of, 308-312; intimately connected with public life, 436; seven kinds of, 450

Poetry, the oldest written Arabic, 138

Poetry and Poets, Book of, by Ibn Qutayba. See Kitabu ’l-Shi‘r wa-’l-Shu‘ara

Poets, the Modern, 289-336; judged on their merits by Ibn Qutayba, 287; pronounced superior to the Ancients, 288, 289

Poets, the Pre-islamic, character and position of, 71-73; regarded as classical, xxiii, 72, 285, 286

Politics, treatise on, by -Mawardi, 337, 338

Portugal, 416

Postal service, organised by ‘Abdu ’l-Malik, 201

Postmaster, the office of, 45

Prætorius, F., 10

Prayers, the five daily, 149, 168

Predestination, 157, 223, 224, 378, 379

Preston, Theodore, 330

Prideaux, W. F., 11, 13

Primitive races in Arabia, 1-4

Proclus, 389

Procreation, considered sinful, 317